Noncoherent Code Discriminator Gains for Global Navigation Satellite System Signal Tracking

Summary Many common discriminators used for code tracking of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals are ratios quadratic forms the correlation outputs. Here we derive a general expression gain this type discriminator and show that it depends on effective carrier-to-noise ratio. We then evaluate several different GNSS signals, including GPS C/A-code, P-code, L1C, M-code, Galileo E1 OS, GLONASS L1OF L2OF, BeiDou B1I B2I. also determine how noise interference saturate (i.e., make its output less sensitive to changes in input) resulting effect loop bandwidth. The gains described paper compensate saturation ensure bandwidth performance can be accurately predicted controlled over critical range ratios.